Plant Parasitic Nematode Diversity in Sugarcane from Phulambri Dist.-Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (MS.)

Abstract

The nematodes were studied in Phulambri taluka. The main object of present study was to seek out soil nematodes related in sugarcane fields in Chhatrapti Sambhaji Nagar, (MS) India. Soil samples were collected from selected site Plant Parasitic nematodes were identified from sugarcane soil sample and sugarcane root sample during February 2024 to February 2025 in the laboratory of Maulana Azad College, Department of Zoology. for identification of plant parasitic nematodes stylet, esophageal, median bulb, vulva, tail etc. identified genera of nematodes, Eudorylaimus, Xiphinema, Indodorylaimus, Dorylaimus Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, species which were the serious plant pathogens of sugarcane.

Introduction

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a vital cash crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, notably in Brazil and India. In India, sugarcane supports over 8 million farmers and contributes significantly to the economy, supplying raw material for sugar, ethanol, paper, and other bioproducts.

However, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are major pests affecting sugarcane productivity. These microscopic, worm-like organisms attack roots, impair nutrient uptake, and significantly reduce yield. Notable nematode pests include Meloidogyne (root-knot), Pratylenchus (lesion), and Heterodera (cyst) species.

2. Impact of Nematodes

• Globally, PPNs cause an estimated 12.3% yield loss, valued at $157 billion annually.

• In India, they result in 10–40% yield loss in sugarcane, and even up to 80% in other crops like okra and potatoes.

• These pests thrive in the fibrous root system and warm climate of sugarcane-growing areas.

3. Nematode Biology

• Nematodes are small (0.3–2 mm), unsegmented worms with a cuticle-covered body and a simple digestive and reproductive system.

• They use a stylet to pierce plant cells and feed.

• Their life cycle includes egg, four juvenile stages (J1–J4), and adult stage.

• Feeding causes galls, lesions, and vascular damage in roots, stunting plant growth and reducing yields.

4. History of Nematology in India

• Nematology became recognized as a distinct field in India in the mid-20th century.

• Major milestones include the formation of IARI’s Division of Nematology (1966) and the Nematological Society of India (1969).

• First reports of nematodes in Indian crops date back to 1901 (tea) and 1906 (black pepper).

5. Methodology

• Soil sampling was done in Phulambri village, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, from 13 sugarcane sites (38 samples).

• Extraction techniques used included Cobb's decanting and sieving and Baermann funnel method.

• Microscopic observation was done using stereo and compound microscopes.

• Fixation was done using T.A.F solution, and permanent slide preparation was carried out using glycerin and paraffin wax.

• Nematode identification was based on morphology (stylet, tail, vulva) using the pictorial key by Mai & Lyon (1975).

6. Results

Six genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified from sugarcane root zones:

• Dorylaimus was the most dominant genus found across the sites.

7. Discussion

The study highlights the diversity and abundance of PPNs in sugarcane fields in the region. The dominance of genera like Dorylaimus suggests their adaptability and potential impact on sugarcane health and productivity. The findings stress the need for nematode management strategies (e.g., crop rotation, soil treatment, resistant varieties) to mitigate economic losses.

Conclusion

The current study provided some fascinating information regarding the diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in the Chhatrapati sambhajinagar. The higher nematode diversity was recorded of genus Dorylaimus from all selected fields. Most of the nematode diversity was recorded in February, August, and April month from Phulambritaluka. Six genera of plant parasitic nematodes identified in soil samples and root samples. For identification of plant parasitic nematodes stylet, vulva, basal bulbs, and tail type are very useful.This subject needs any further investigation. This study will be more helpful to the students, Research scholars and Nematologists.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Shuddhodhan B. Ratnparkhe , Deepak M. Gaikwad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.